Regional Air Quality Modelling in Canada – Applications for Policy and Real-Time Prediction     

Venkatesh  S.  Gong  W.  Kallaur  A.  Makar  P. A.  Moran  M. D.  Pabla  B.  Ro  C.  Vet  R.  Burrows  W. R.  Montpetit  R. 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(2-3):101-129

Acid rain and photochemical smog are two regionalair-quality issues that have received considerableattention in the last two decades due to their harmfuleffects. Health impacts of particulate matter (PM) inthe atmosphere is another issue of concern.Sulphur dioxide emission controls were introducedin both Canada and the U.S.A. to reduceacid-deposition-related damage. While these emissionreductions have already resulted in reduced sulphatedeposition, based on results from modelling studiesmuch of southeastern Canada is still expected toexperience damaging levels of acid deposition evenafter all currently legislated emission controls arefully implemented. Moreover, there has not been acorresponding reduction in the acidity ofprecipitation. This may be attributable to aconcurrent reduction in base-cation concentration inprecipitation.Models were also developed to understand theformation, transport and diffusion of troposphericozone. The models have been used to provide policyguidance for emission control options to reduceground-level ozone to acceptable limits. In thesummer of 1997 a Canadian pilot project was initiatedto provide real-time forecasts of ground-level ozonein the southeastern part of the province of NewBrunswick in eastern Canada.With the emergence of fine Particulate Matter(PM_2.5) as a health concern, efforts are underwayin Canada to develop a unified' regional air-qualitymodel that will address the combined impacts ofvarious pollutants in the atmosphere. In this effortthe atmosphere is viewed as a single entity where theimpacts of multiple pollutants are considered at thesame time.  相似文献   

Apparent flow-dimension approach to the study of heterogeneous fracture network systems     

Sharma  Kunwar Mrityunjai  Dessirier  Benoit  Tsang  Chin-Fu  Niemi  Auli 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(4):873-891

Hydrogeology Journal - The generalized radial flow (GRF) model in well-test analysis employs noninteger flow dimensions to represent the variation in flow area with respect to radial distance from...  相似文献   

Montagne Pelée volcano (Martinique,in the French Lesser Antilles) hydrogeological system revealed by high-resolution helicopter-borne electromagnetic imagery     

Vittecoq  Benoit  Reninger  Pierre-Alexandre  Bellier  Vincent  Taïlamé  Anne-Lise  Nacimento  Laureen  Gros  Emile  Violette  Sophie 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(5):1331-1352

Montagne Pelée, on the French island of Martinique, eastern Caribbean Sea, has been one of the deadliest volcanoes in the world, with 30,000 victims following the 1902 eruption. Thousands of people still live nearby, and this volcano is a strategic “water tank” for Martinique Island, providing 40% of the island’s water supply. This research aimed to better understand its hydrogeological functioning and the relationship with its complex volcanological evolution, taking advantage of a high-resolution helicopter-borne geophysical survey correlated with hydrogeological data from the boreholes and springs databases. Electromagnetic data, correlated with hydrogeological data, allowed for the identification of unsaturated zones, aquifers, and seawater intrusions, as well as the main geological units. In addition, data synthesised from pumping tests revealed that the older the unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits, the lower their hydraulic conductivity. The structural asymmetry between the northeastern and southwestern volcano flanks impacts its hydrogeological functioning. Consequently, the Montagne Pelée hydrogeological conceptual model is marked by several distinguishable aquifers. The upper perched aquifer within recent lava domes is directly involved in, and impacted by, phreatic eruptions, and it supports low flowrate springs. The remaining effective rainfall infiltrates to depth and recharges the hydrothermal system through vertical fractures. The other aquifers are categorized into three groups: northeastern, southeastern and southwestern flank aquifers. This research is a new step toward a better understanding of the Lesser Antilles volcanoes and more broadly of the central and proximal parts of the andesitic active volcanoes.

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Injection experiments and thermal recovery in corehole OH-1, Lake City,California     

Jason?R.?McKennaEmail author  Walter?R.?Benoit  Colin?B.?Goranson  David?D.?Blackwell 《Natural Resources Research》2004,13(4):241-253

Two injection tests, shallow and deep, followed by repeated temperature logging were performed in the Lake City, California OH-1 corehole, to delineate permeable zones, investigate the permeability of rocks adjacent to the wellbore, and to test the validity of maximum-reading thermometer (MRT) measurements collected during the drilling process that show lower than static temperatures above a depth of 2100 ft and significantly higher than static temperatures below a depth of about 2500 ft. The tests confirmed several permeable zones in OH-1. At about 300 ft, there is a strong zone of lateral flow, and at 947 ft there is a major outflow zone for injected fluid. Two other possible permeable flow zones were detected from the thermal recovery logs: one at about 1500 ft and another at about 2300 ft. The 2300 ft permeable zone seems to be an inflow zone, and the source of a probable downflow responsible for cooling the wellbore below about 2500 ft. The hotter MRT data obtained during drilling may be reconciled with the significantly lower static temperature logs if downflow from about 2300 ft is present.  相似文献   

Accounting for length- and depth-dependent diel variation in catchability of fish and invertebrates in an annual bottom-trawl survey   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Benoit  Hugues P; Swain  Douglas P 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(6):1298-1317

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Rift propagation at craton margin.: Distribution of faulting and volcanism in the North Tanzanian Divergence (East Africa) during Neogene times   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. Le Gall  P. Nonnotte  J. Rolet  M. Benoit  H. Guillou  M. Mousseau-Nonnotte  J. Albaric  J. Deverchre 《Tectonophysics》2008,448(1-4):1-19

A revised kinematic model is proposed for the Neogene tectono-magmatic development of the North Tanzanian Divergence where the axial valley in S Kenya splits southwards into a wide diverging pattern of block faulting in association with the disappearance of volcanism. Propagation of rifting along the S Kenya proto-rift during the last 8 Ma is first assumed to have operated by linkage of discrete magmatic cells as far S as the Ngorongoro–Kilimanjaro transverse volcanic belt that follows the margin of cratonic blocks in N Tanzania. Strain is believed to have nucleated throughout the thermally-weakened lithosphere in the transverse volcanic belt that might have later linked the S Kenya and N Tanzania rift segments with marked structural changes along-strike. The North Tanzanian Divergence is now regarded as a two-armed rift pattern involving: (1) a wide domain of tilted fault blocks to the W (Mbulu) that encompasses the Eyasi and Manyara fault systems, in direct continuation with the Natron northern trough. The reactivation of basement fabrics in the cold and intact Precambrian lithosphere in the Mbulu domain resulted in an oblique rift pattern that contrasts with the orthogonal extension that prevailed in the Magadi–Natron trough above a more attenuated lithosphere. (2) To the E, the Pangani horst-like range is thought to be a younger (< 1 Ma) structure that formed in response to the relocation of extension S of the Kilimanjaro magmatic center. A significant contrast in the mechanical behaviour of the stretched lithosphere in the North Tanzanian diverging rift is assumed to have occurred on both sides of the Masai cratonic block with a mid-crustal decoupling level to the W where asymmetrical fault-basin patterns are dominant (Magadi–Natron and Mbulu), whereas a component of dynamical uplift is suspected to have caused the topographic elevation of the Pangani range in relation with possible far-travelled mantle melts produced at depth further N.  相似文献   

Investigating possible links between the North Atlantic Oscillation and rainfall variability in Marrakech (Morocco)     

Imen?TurkiEmail author  Benoit?Laignel  Noureddine?Laftouhi  Zeneddine?Nouaceur  Zineb?Zamrane 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(3):243

Eighty-two-year rainfall time series have been studied together with climatic patterns of NAO using classical statistical methods. Then, the wavelet approach has been applied to show annual (1 year (1y)) and inter-annual (2–4 years (2-4y), 5–8 years (5-8y), and 8–16 years (8-16y)) modes distributed following four major discontinuities: 1945, 1960, 1975, and 1995. The 1y, 2-4y, and 5-8y powers show high energy during the wet period 1922–1930 and a low one in 1928–1938. After 1945, the annual mode highlights a high energy while the inter-annual modes present low energy. Between 1975 and 1995, powerful modes of 1 and 2–4 years are identified with low power of 5-8y and 8-16y modes. Since 1995, the low power of 5–8y decreases, while the 8-16y mode emphasizes a high variability. The coherence between NAO and Marrakech precipitation is strongly defined for low frequencies with a total contribution of 75 %. This coherence is in phase in the beginning and presents out phase signs since 1945. The change of phase can be associated to a decreasing of coherence especially around 1990. This finding is useful to understand the relationship between the hydrological variability and NAO climate patterns in the southern side of the Mediterranean Sea.  相似文献   

About the Determination of Quasi Steady State Storativity and Connectivity Matrix of Wells in 3D Heterogeneous Formations     

Benoit Noetinger 《Mathematical Geosciences》2016,48(6):641-662

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Experimental study of the ground motion on a large scale topographic hill at Kitherion (Greece)     

Benoit LeBrun  D. Hatzfeld  P.Y. Bard  M. Bouchon 《Journal of Seismology》1999,3(1):1-15

We present the results of an experiment about the effects on the seismic ground motion of a hill of large dimensions (6km long, 3km large and 700m high) near Corinth (Greece). We installed 7 seismometers across the hill, and analyzed the ground motion with different methods: the classical spectral ratios (CSR) and the horizontal to vertical spectral ratios calculated both on noise (HVNR) and earthquake data (RF). The amplification at the resonant frequency (around 0.7Hz) is low, as expected, but one of the two stations installed at the top exhibits large amplification (up to a factor of 10) at 3Hz. The comparison between the H/V results and the CSR ones suggests that the former method is able to point out the fundamental frequencies of a hill. Amplifications and spatial localization predicted by numerical 3D modeling are consistent with the experimental data only at frequencies lower than 1Hz.  相似文献   

Seismic properties of gabbroic sections in oceanic core complexes: constraints from seafloor drilling     

Blackman  Donna K.  Abe  Natsue  Carlson  Richard L.  Guerin  Gilles  Ildefonse  Benoit  Kumpf  Amber 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2019,40(4):557-569

Marine Geophysical Research - The physical properties of rock within Oceanic Core Complexes (OCC) provide information about the history of magmatism, deformation and alteration associated with...  相似文献